Michiel de Lange and Martijn de Waal, “Owning the city: New media and citizen engagement in urban design.” First Monday [Online], 18.11 (2013): Web. 30 Jan. 2017
- “At best citizens in smart city policies are allowed to provide feedback somewhere in the design process, although oftentimes they figure as ‘end–users’ instead of being engaged in the early stages of co–creation.” How can we begin to incorporate the citizen in the first design phases of a smart city? Why do developers of “smart city technology” treat the role of the citizen, more or less, as a pawn in a chess game, rather than the King in the chess game, or even the checkered board the game is played on? (Consumer vs. end-user)
- Does the use of the term “ownership” in the text refer to what we may call a “smart citizen”? Does ownership include being able to participate in all design phases of city or community building?
Rob Kitchin, “Rethinking, Reimagining and Remaking Smart Cities,” Programmable City Working Paper 20 (August 2016).
- The companies that create smart city technology create products that are supposed to be able to be incorporated anywhere they’re needed, meaning, “one size fits all”. Being that every city has different issues and specificities that need to be dealt with, can these companies or any other existing company begin to make “city-specific” products? Companies like IBM and Cisco may see smart cities as a market based opportunity. Would smaller and/or local companies who produce smart city technologies be able to begin to close that gap between the smart city begin for the people vs. for the public?