Urban Data Infrastructures – Feng

Program Earth

    • Page 246 “Sensors are also not the only source for data generated to manage urban systems—alternative data sources include both static and dynamic data collected from social media streams, participatory-sensing systems, and predictive and strategic modeling capabilities.”

    For the direction of future smart cities. Should we try to make sensors become the only source for the collection of data? And is it good for the “previous” other sources?

  • Page 256 “This point draws on Simondon’s discus- sion of how relations are not formed through the adding up of individuals to form collectives. Rather, collectives are transindividuated into distinct entities, and it is this mode of parsing collective potential that in-forms individuals and relations.”How to understand this “relation”? Also, as we know, in sometime, the collective’s activities will cover some individuals’, even some important ones’ activities. So how to deal with this?

    Smart Urbanism

    • Page 18 “First, a technocratic approach is highly reductionist and functionalist, always based on a limited selection of data and shaped by the formulation of algorithms, and fails to recognise the wider effects of culture, politics, policy, governance and capital in shaping city life and urban systems.”

      The limited data is not always work bad. For example, people’s eyes will collect lots of information for visual, but their brains can not deal with those mass. Thus, the brain actually only use limited information from eyes’ collection, and it already enough to support the normal life of a human. So, why base on a limited selection of data will be a problem?

Urban Data Infrastructures—zhicheng zhang

1. In Kitchen, Lauriault & McArdle’s reading, it says that some municipalities, indicator, benchmarking and dashboard initiatives are being used to underpin forms of new managerialism. it just likes the the dashboard of an aircraft cockpit provides detailed data about a plane and its flight. reflect this to the experiment in the 1970s in chile, even the experiment failed for many reasons, in the last few month before it failed, it was be found that some information which should be collected from factories are delayed. In the smart city which relies on the data from the sensor, unlike bugs in the system, a delay may hard to notice., as a result, a delay could be a deadly disaster. how to deal with it when we live in a city which relies on the data so much?

 

2. In Gabrys’ reading, he said “Environments and environmental computation also constitute situations in which “withness” might be articulated and inform processes of participation. Withness, following Whitehead, is a concept that signals modes of being and becoming together,” if we put this “withness” to extreme, the city and the environment have extreme withness, will we human lost our position, and become only the data provider, or may less than this?

 

3. Because of the contingency of  the infrastructure, the relationship between the city and the citizen seems to be mutualism.  When the city finally could adapt only by itself, will the “withness” of the city and its citizen disappear?

Urban Data Infrastructures – Yumeng Chen

Digital Infrastructures of Withness: Constructing a Speculative City

 

–In this article, the author talked several times about indeterminate technology about the smart city. How ever, if technology can not be positive, should we take the risk to upgrade our city to smart cities?

 

–In alomost all the cases, smart city is kind like equal to smart devices, or only the new buildings can be part of the smart city. Is there any example that we turn the old building to the smart building without destroy?

 

Smart cities and the politics of urban data

— When we are talking about the smart city, we always focus on the functions and benefits. However, we ignored that if we use devices to send and receive signals, it has the requirement of the hardwares. So that most of the citizens have to replace their devices. Does the citizens have to pay for upgrading toward the smart city?

 

Urban Data Infrastructures

Program Earth: Digital Infrastructures of Withness – Gabrys

“Abstract technology is not necessarily a cognitive model that is implemented but rather a set of dynamic changes that occur in any given techno cultural system which makes possible the concretization of particular technologies”, By becoming “environmental” the technology cognitively concresces with the environment albeit continues to mediate a message the form of “conditions in which particular entities may take hold”. Entering the environment; they threaten to alter the ratios of human perception, and “When those ratios change, Men change”

“But as embodied if differently directed creatures in shared worlds” – Does the smart city “threaten” to dismantle our human-central ideologies (what about my voice) in pursuit of a more concresced environment? Could that be by we feel threatened?

“Alternative data sources include both static and dynamic data collected from social media streams, participatory-sensing systems, and predictive and strategic modeling capabilities” – Do DIY sensors and participatory technology not allow us to easily manipulate the outcome of data and in doing so contribute to our built environment in a more conscious “citizenship-fulfilling” manner?

 “Planners, the exhibition text and book indicate, are also key to steering a city in the right direction.” In Playing the City Game, “by adjusting levers on a dashboard, a status menu indicates how well one is doing with every urban resource, infrastructure, and problem that is to be addressed must be quantified in order to be made computable”. How are citizens changed in the eyes of planners? Could a projection of the city as a data bed threaten to create a sociological divide between citizens and planners (programmer vs programmed)? The message (medium) being a status bar (low res, fast pace) vs intuitive observation and active participation in the city (high res, slow pace data)?

“If you can’t measure it, you can’t manage it” (Bloomberg), “Urban life must be enumerated in order to be managed within this cybernetic system. But once measured the city is meant to emerge as an easily pliable and modifiable system.” – What happens when non-quantifiable information results in false hypotheses and respective implementations?

“Ambient intelligence and the Internet of Things presents the problem of deciding which connectivities we really want as human beings on this planet” – This coincides with Sherry Turkle’s claim (Alone together) that digital connectivity has resulted in the preference of the majority of the public to choose media of communication that enable the division and distribution of attention between friends and family (physically present and not) and is constituted partially by today’s generalized “fear of missing out” (FOMO) brought forth by the speed at which information exchanged in the digital age. However, since multitasking is a proven myth, the result is merely a lowered, sporadic attention span.

“I see withness more as an articulation of processes of participation that involve becoming together across an extended array of entities. Whitehead described a community where multiple entities are effectively resonating within and experiencing a shared registered of world-making” – An active citizenship in the smart city is thereby constituted by the participation and self-expression of agency which collectively lends itself to a city that is a reflection of its citizen’s conscious decisions.

“Withness asks how are we thinking with, being with and becoming with the smart city (however) Rather than open technology to a multiple array of inhabitations, encounters and modes of withness, these projects often reduce technology to a utensil” – Is open circuit technology the answer? Is a closed circuit smart city indicative of our tendency to attempt to resolve today’s problems with (tomorrow’s) technology and yesterday’s state of mind?

Smart cities and the politics of Urban Date – Kitchen, Lauriault & McArdle

“Instrumental rationality” & “Solutionism” are terms used to describe the smart city’s approach to problem solving and urban, infrastructural design implementations. “There is a belief that complex open systems can be disassembled into neatly defined problems that can be solved or optimized through computation” – Can we not agree that some issues are indeed both complex enough and computable to warrant (SOME) smart city intervention? Should a distribution of control/power be allocated to the citizens in areas not deemed fully quantifiable by “highly reductionist” means of collection and analysis? What form will that distribution take? Can it not be argued that certain power has been allocated to the citizens (in the form of their active participation) that allows them to consciously manipulate the “system” for their own benefits?

There’s a general fear that “smart cities may well lead to a highly controlling and unequal societies in which rights to privacy, confidentiality, freedom of expression and life chances are restricted”, Could this be regarded as more of a sociological issue due to the culturally imbedded notions of the importance of privacy, confidentiality and freedom of expression (set forth by print technology)? Will the actions and analyses carried by government agencies not ultimately make our cities safer in an age where infiltrations and cyber-attacks are ever more frequent?

“Cities of the world now routinely generate suites of indicator data, using them to track and trace performance, guide policy formulation and inform how the cities are governed/regulated” – Is City benchmarking any more of a benign threat to citizen morphing than a tabula rasa smart city? Used to “establish how well an area is performing vis-à-vis other locales or against best practice” – But what constitutes best practice? Or a City falling behind? If the mean of data collection is just as impersonal of that of smart sensor beds, does that not risk equally inaccurate and presumptive hypotheses and respective implementations?